International Trade Is Important For Globalization

Even though all businesses have the ability to earn profit, but those able to compete in a global market may earn better profits than those only focus in one country. I think that is why so many students choose to study international business. Because it many people are earning a lot money from it. International business mainly deals with business, trade and commerce on a global market. Because laws and cultures different from country to country, businesses have to prepare to deal with whatever issues may come up. With Internet communication, communicate between company are faster which cause global business competition became fiercer. In international business the main factor will be trade. International trade is the process of exchange capital, goods and services throughout the world. In most countries it occupies a significant part of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Industrialization, transportation, globalization, and outsourcing are having a major impact on the international trade. Due to the exchange from country to country increasing international trade is important for globalization. International trade is also a major source of economic profit for any countries. Without international trade, countries would be limited to the goods and services produced in their own country. International trade has no different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade does not change whether the trade is international or not. The mainShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is The Key Of Success For All Countries1183 Words   |  5 Pages1. Synopsis Globalization has no borders and boundaries across the world due to exchange of knowledge, thoughts, trade and information. This report will examine the definition of globalization, advantages and disadvantages of globalization and the popularity of globalization. Some strong evidences gathered by the primary and secondary data. Some content is based on my personal knowledge. Table of content 2. Introduction Nowadays, globalization plays the vital role all around the world. ThereRead MoreEssay on Globalization: Sharing Our Prosperity With the World1388 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people that involves the integration of economies, technologies, and cultures (Bradshaw). It is described as the increased movement of people, knowledge and ideas, and goods and money across national borders that have led to the increased interconnectedness among the world. Globalization is often thought of in economic terms but as we know there are three major components implicated with this idea including: economics, politics, andRead MoreGlobalization and International Finance, Questions and Answer1533 Words   |  7 Pages Q1. History of your topic (i.e. product, country(ies), article, etc)? Please explain in detail your topic selection. Globalization is defined as moving towards a world in which barriers to cross-border trade and investment are declining; distance is shrinking due to new advance in transportation and telecommunications technology, material culture is starting to look similar the world over; national economies are merging into an interdependent, integrated global economic system (Hill). The wordRead MoreTrade Between Human And Human Rights1428 Words   |  6 Pages1 Introduction Thesis: Today,the trade is changing our life,and fair trade is very important to us. It terms of the human rights history, the impact from globalization, the trade with different countries,and to solve how can keep balance between trade and human rights. Trade vs Human Rights is a great important issue in the international economy, especially in developing countries and developed countries.Trade is defined as â€Å"the act or process of buying, selling, or exchanging commodities, atRead MoreFactors That Influence A Nations Willingness Enter Into Trade Agreements1714 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many factors that influence a nation’s willingness to enter into Trade Agreements. Briefly outline the basic models discussed in the readings and class (Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardo-Viner). Discuss what factors influence domestic trade preferences (Political, Economic, Sociotropic, etc.). According to the article, the hypothesis of Heckscher-Ohlin model or factor endowments is that â€Å"all factors of production within a country are mobile across sectors, that markets are perfectly competitiveRead MoreGlobalization Is A Process Of Interaction And Integration Among The People, Economics And Government Of Different Countries1329 Words   |  6 Pages Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, economics and government of different nationalities. Globalization is not new, over thousands of years; globalization has progressed through travel, migration and the spread of culture. Globalization has many effects on the world today. Globalization has an overwhelmingly positive impact to most countries in terms of economy, political and cultural. Economic globalization is a worldwide phenomenon where countries economicRead MoreThe Pros and Cons of Globalization Essay1680 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization. Everyday you hear it on the news, you read it in the newspaper, and you overhear people talking about it- and in every single instance the word globalization seems to have a different meaning. When I hear of globalization I think of the whole world coming close together in all phases. I tend to think that we as human beings are breaking down barriers that have been protected or guarded. For instance, I initially thought of the progress we are making in the communication aspect. SoRead MoreTheories of Libralism and Realism1055 Words   |  4 PagesLiberal theories of international relations have made a number of contentions on the basis of economic development and its effect on the belligerence between countries. These claims have presented evident when analyzing the post-Cold War era’s increase in the globalizatio n of trade and investment. Globalization is the process of international economic development, enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally in the trade and investment markets. Liberalism encompasses a worldviewRead MoreWhat Would Our Nation Do Without Globalization and International Trade? 1574 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies. Becoming international is an important factor in assisting organizations in becoming globally competitive. Strategic imperatives have helped in the development of globalization. Organizations can no longer stand still while their competitors grow stronger. This causes organizations to seek out new markets. Survival is a key indicator for an organization to enter into a global market place. What would our nation do without globalization and international trade? Below is a list ofRead MoreOrganization s Internal And External Environment Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesorganization s internal and external environment in today s m odern economy. It also discusses the drivers of globalization and effects of globalization on organization s environment. Firstly, it is important to understand the definition of globalization as there are many definitions. Secondly, the drivers of globalization are discussed in this essay including the history, aim and role of World Trade Organization. Further, the relationship between organization s internal and external environment in global

Essay on Language in Arthur Millers The Crucible - 525 Words

Language in Arthur Millers The Crucible One aspect of The Crucible that is really Important is the way that Arthur Miller writes, and the language that he has used. His style is rather simple, with simple sentence structure on the whole, and quite simple vocabulary, he wanted to keep everything simple in this way in The Crucible, to prevent focus being taken away from the plot and the problems that the characters were facing with each other. So Miller does keep it all simple, however at the same time Arthur Miller has managed to create his own dialogue. Being set in 1690s, it would be natural for the people of Salem to speak old English, but he knew that to write an effective play that†¦show more content†¦Syntax is used frequently in the play, and the characters do not speak in fragments, but string together phrases and form their thoughts carefully before speaking. By the way that different characters lines are written we can learnt things about them, such as in Reverend Parris first speech he shows that he is well-educated and of high social status by speaking in a more formal way than characters before him, whereas in the passage spoken by Abigail to John Proctor her sentences are less thought out, as she rambles a little, quite repetitive as she keeps repeating I know you, and more fragmented, which shows less education but more deep emotion. The lines have been written in such a way that the tone compiled with the character can be quite contrasting, such as the later example of Abigail having a moving tone, but her character just becoming deceiving. One thing that Arthur Miller does not really rely on, which many other play writes such as Shakespeare rely on is imagery. There are a few cases of imagery in this play, used alongside figurative language. An example of imagery used is part of the statement that Abigail made to john Proctor saying I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I came near!, while this statement is also aShow MoreRelatedThe Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of McCarthyism1356 Words   |  6 Pages In this essay, I intend to analyse the historical context of The Crucible and its relevance in today’s society. I believe that Arthur Miller’s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspectedRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Mills Essay1690 Words   |  7 PagesBecause I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (Miller, 133) As The Crucible commences, Arthur Mills transports the reader to 17th century Salem, Massachusetts, to reenact the affliction of the Salem Witch Trials, ultimately leading to regret and fatality. Miller utilizes his troubled experience with McCarthyism to advance his writingRead MoreThe Allegorical Meaning of The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay851 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible, a play by the famous playwright Arth ur Miller, retells the story of the witch trials occurring in Salem during the seventeen century. Between lies, deceiving and treachery, Salem was the place of a relatively massive genocide solely based upon unproved facts and accusations. However, the real message being the story is something else altogether as The Crucible is an allegory denouncing McCarthyism. The present written task will focus on the following question â€Å"If the text had been writtenRead MoreTheme Of Pride In The Crucible860 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Miller, the playwright of The Crucible, utilises the interactions between characters to explore various key ideas. John Proctor, a vital anti-hero is fundamental to the portrayal of concepts like pride and deceit. By first viewing the characterisation of both John Proctor and Reverend Hale, Miller is able to explore the idea that dying with dignity trumps living with shame. Similarly, the relationship between Elizabeth and John Proctor represents the ever-la sting effects of deceit. These underlyingRead MoreSimilarities Between Apology Speech And The Crucible793 Words   |  4 Pagestheir own motivations. Composers’ representations of the complex relationship between people and politics are influenced by various moral and social agendas, whereby a portrayal of reality and meaning is inherently subjective. Arthur Miller’s dramatic allegory â€Å"The Crucible† explores the political and social ramifications of the contentious ‘Cold War’ period in American history when the widespread fear of communism arose. Kevin Rudd’s political speech, â€Å"Apology Speech† delivered on the 13th of FebruaryRead MoreThe Crucible Compare And Contrast Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Crucible is play by Arthur Miller, made in 1953 and it is about a fictional story of The Salem witch trials that occurred in the late 1600’s. The film, The Crucible, was made in 1996, directed by Nicholas Hytner, and was made to show Millers work on the big screen so it could appeal to the new generation. The film and the text, The Crucible, have numerous similarities, yet in addition the movie will give you a better understanding of Arthur Millers work. Characterization in the play and inRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation throughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Vengeful Heart That Ignites The Hysteria Of The Salem Witch Trials1670 Words   |  7 Pageswoman. Women were required to sit silently and obey their husbands, take care of the children and the house, and attend church like good Christian wives. However, as in all human beings, these women had temptations and sinful natures. In The Crucible, Ar thur Miller illustrates the relationship between Abigail Williams and John Proctor to portray the themes of pride and lust, and the part they played during the Salem Witch Trials. John Proctor struggles against his lethal attraction to Abigail, fightingRead MoreArthur Millers The Crucible And The Second Red Scare1293 Words   |  6 Pages In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Why I Wrote The Crucible†, Miller connects The Crucible and the Second Red Scare by highlighting his process of writing which in return displays the two different time era’s similarities. He states, â€Å"[W]hen I began to think of writing about the hunt for Reds in America, I was motivated in some great part by the paralysis that had set in among many liberals who, despite their discomfort with the inquisitors’ violations of civil rights, were fearful†¦of being identified as Communists†Read More‘the Crucible’ and ‘the Island’ - Belonging Essays1121 Words   |  5 Pagescharacters and events throughout a variety of texts. Arthur Miller’s play â€Å"The Crucible† and Armin Geder’s picture book â€Å"The Islandâ₠¬  display how an individual can belong and not belong at different stages throughout their life and the experiences these characters face. While and individual may initially belong to the community, having differing views and opinions can seclude them from this group, causing them to become an outsider. In ‘The Crucible’ by Arthur Miller, Reverend John Hale, a minister reputed

Environment and Phenotype Free Essays

The environment can affect the degree to which a gene may be expressed In an Individual. For example, solo type and weather conditions may affect plant growth. Seeds deliver energy for germination and Minimal growth until plants begin to photosynthesis and create their own glucose for further development. We will write a custom essay sample on Environment and Phenotype or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aim/Purpose To demonstrate the effect of environment on phenotype to formulate a hypothesis about the effect of environment on phenotype To design and conduct a controlled experiment to demonstrate the effect of one environmental factor on a plant phenotype. Hypothesis- Radish plants that is grown in sunlight, room light and in the shade where there is absence of light, those that in the shade will display isolating where there Is pale stems and leaves, elongated stems and leaves reducing In size whilst those grown In light will be green, sturdier and shorter. The plants that are grown in the room light will be In the middle of the other two (light and dark). Apparatus and materials- 6 plant pots Beaker to measure amounts of water for the watering of plants Pack of radish seeds 30 CM ruler that has mm written as well 3 trays Soil enough for 6 pots Risk Assessment- The bean seedlings may have contagious diseases. Therefore gloves should be worn. Leather shoes is most recommended to be worn as handling glass may break and water might make you slip Method/Procedure- 1. Put solo Into each of the pots up to where the crease Is, making sure It Is even In all pots 2. Plant seeds by following Instructions on the back of the packet 3. Germinate radish seeds with equal amounts 4. Two seedlings were left as a control: it was watered and taken care of normally under shade. 5. The other four seedlings were placed in either light covered area, or one in dark covered area 6. Water occasionally and wait for observable phonological results. Note Don’t overflow the pots with water Just till moist. 7. Take notes of Plant growth and observations seen. Keep a record of all data being done Results- Observations: Dates: Task: 27. 2. 14 Germination of plants 13. 14 Watered: mall 11 . 3. 14 Watered: mall 14. 3. 14 Measured/taken pictures 18. 3. 14 Light: Stems turning purple starting from the bottom to the top of the stem Leaves vibrant green Thicker stems Control Pale looking Control g’s stem from the bottom is more thicker than control 1 Control 2 is more shriveled up while control 1 is still slightly straight Leaves have shrunk Dark Stem of dark 2 is more of white than dark 2 where it is like a pale green/grey Discussion- *trends happening Conclusion- The phenotype expressed in the light ones display green pigment for the environment influenced the need of chlorophyll for photosynthesis. The ones in the dark turned albino, in the absence of light, photosynthesis cannot take place. When these albino plants were put in the sun, over the course of 2 days they altered to a green color again. From Day 7 to Day 10 plants raised in shade displayed isolating whereas those raised in light did not Observations of plants grown in each There were some factors that have affected some of the result of the experiment. The position of the plants should have been closer together not that far apart. The plants placed in the dark under the bench were the furthest from where the plants in the light and room light were assigned. The amount of water being put in the pots and the consistent watering made the trays flood with water making the pots more than Just moist. The water in the trays wasn’t emptied so it was there for quite a while and was it got emptied a bit later on in the experiment. The dependent variables in the experiment were the growth and the progress of the Lana and this depends on the amount of water, amount of sunlight being taken into place. The control that was kept the same for each plant was the amount of water being put into the pots. The accuracy of the experiment wasn’t to professional expectations but it was taken into considerations of the factors that can affect it. There could be more to make this experiment better and also with the results that were taken. The reliability of the experiment was reliable as it was compared to another student’s similar works done in their time in year 12. But what could have made it more liable is that the experiment could have been repeated another time since the plants start sprouting after 5-7 days after being planted. The plants in sunlight grew normally but those of the same species grown in the dark where there is absence of light elongated much faster to increase their chance of finding light. They were pale in color due to the lack of chlorophyll. The plants that were place in the normal room light grew but the stem wasn’t as thick as the one in the light. The energy reserves of the seed were used up therefore it leads to the plant dying in comparison to the one exposed to light. Other factors in the environment, such as salinity and pH of soil, also affect the phenotype of a plant that would otherwise appear normal. The aim/purpose and the hypothesis were met and the results were similar. â€Å"Radish plants that is grown in sunlight, room light and in the shade where there is absence of light, those that in the shade will display isolating where there is pale stems and leaves, elongated stems and leaves reducing in size whilst those grown in light will be green, sturdier and shorter. The plants that are grown in the room light will be in the middle of the other two (light and dark). † How to cite Environment and Phenotype, Papers

Explanation Of Significance Of The Service Encounter †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Explanation Of Significance Of The Service Encounter. Answer: Introduction Service industry has been considered to be residual and tertiary sector in the economic category. There are several classification methods that have been utilized in the service industry for providing services to each sector. Most of the service organizations use the people-oriented approach within their organization. Especially in the hospitality industry, the service quality, Service intensity, service variability matter for the good will of the organization. There are different kinds of service encounters in the entire day in the hotel and these encounters reveal the quality of service along with the intensity and variability of the service (Lugosi 2014). For this study, I will take the Regatta Hotel where I have worked in the past for two months. I was working there as a front desk intern, so I have some knowledge about the internal service channel of the hotel. In this essay, I will present the front stage and back stage operations in the form of flow charts along with explainin g the significance of the service encounter and analysis of the managerial implications. Explanation of significance of the service encounter Service Encounter, the term itself has attained various usages in the hospitality industry. Daugstad and Kirchengast (2013) broadly defines that service encounter is the dyadic communication between the provider of service and the consumers of the service. This definition also adheres to another definition of service encounter that it is the role performances between two individuals, where both the provider of the service and the customers have a specific role to play. This mostly focuses on the specific interpersonal elements of the performance of the organization. As Lin and Fu (2017) define, service encounter is the only time whole the customers interact with the specific service, provided by the organization, directly. This definition mostly includes various aspects of the service industry, especially in hospitality, where the customers can interact with the concerned personnel, and the physical competences along with other elements within a hotel. Hsiao and Chuang (2016) suggest that there have been several surveys and studies regarding the significance of the service encounters along with the dependence of the service satisfaction of the customers. This also suggests that the factor of the human interaction in the service delivery is very much necessary for determining the satisfaction or the dissatisfaction of the service. A recent study has also mentioned that, in any hospitality organization, the interaction between the customer and personnel form the hotel is considered to be a major predictor of the overall satisfaction of the customers with the organization. If a customer comes to Regatta Hotel and asks for his or her concern at the front desk, the front desk personnel should be adequately polite and should answer back with right and relevant information. This may influence the customer to stay in our hotel and avail our services. However, if the scenario is just the opposite and the personnel do not answer in correct way with all the necessary info rmation, we may lose a valuable customer. There have been several studies regarding the customer satisfaction, where researchers have indicated that the dissatisfaction or satisfaction level of the customers is always influenced by the service encounters that the hotel provides. Therefore, it can be said that the actions of the service providers directly affect the clients. Even thought this experience is mostly intangible, it also involves few tangible elements such as the flow of information, food or the manufactured products provided by the hotel (Reynolds et al. 2014). A hotel room in Regatta Hotel should affect the comfort level of the guests in a positive manner. Even though this service is mostly supported by the tangible elements, its essence is what we call the performance or the service encounters of the organization. This interaction generally takes place at the front stage operations. Depending on the kind of service that is being provided, the interaction should be intensive or high (Yang, Ryan and Zhang 2016). However, front stage and back stage operations in Regatta Hotel are always related like any other service sectors. The front stage personnel is only capable of providing service as promised to the clients if the back stage operations are moving smoothly. Analysis of managerial implications From the findings of few recent studies indicate that it is very important for the consumers to have the authentic choices within the exchange of service in the hotel. If the hotel allows the client or the guest to choose what services they want to avail, they are giving a sense of control to the consumers. However Reynolds et al. (2014) also suggest that the customers will be far more happy and satisfied with the service if they had no control here. For example, in the restaurant of the Regatta Hotel, the waiters or the patrons are allocated to different tables on the basis of their service stations, not depending on what the client prefers. However, in such situations, if the restaurants start selecting the table and the waiters, it would not be much appreciated by the customers at all; rather it would worsen their dining experience. This may affect the customer experiences in a negative way as well. The assigning of the tables are entirely management jobs, if it is done with consu lting the guests, it would affect their satisfaction level negatively (Kontogeorgopoulos 2016). Especially, if the customers start claiming few specific tables, it would create a mess in the restaurant. However, satisfaction or the dissatisfaction levels of the customers also depend on the behavior of the providers of services. Especially, it is more applicable while the mo desirable option is not available for the customers. The front desk managers should attempt offering the guests a varied range of other substitutes. The action may seem to be very simple, but it may result into either a satisfactory or a dissatisfactory experience of the guests. So, it is entirely the managers job to please the guests even if their first choice of service is unavailable for them. Yang, Ryan and Zhang (2016) suggest that if the service is consistent, impartial and knowledgeable, there should always be a strong relationship between the customers and the service providers. In the hospitality industry, it is important to have the adequate knowledge regarding he services. It may be as simple as answering a mere question of the customers, but it reflects the implications of the confidence of the custom ers on the service of the hotel (Hsiao and Chuang 2016). Along with that, impartiality also affects the overall customer satisfaction. For instance, when the customer sees a bottle of water is priced way too high than it is available in the market, it may affect the overall customer satisfaction. The customer may think of this to be unfair. However, on the other hand, showing interest or considering the customers choice of service is strongly related to the overall satisfaction of the customers. Therefore, the front stage operation managers in Regatta Hotel should ensure that their back stage operations flow in a way that reflects the customer satisfaction to a great extent. Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the quality of service mostly reflects the smooth flow of front and back stage operations. In a hotel like Regatta Hotel, the service encounters tend to highlight the output and input of the service provider and the customer. This study has reflected both the front and back sage performance of Regatta Hotel along with its managerial implications. References Daugstad, K. and Kirchengast, C., 2013. Authenticity and the pseudo-backstage of agri-tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,43, pp.170-191. Hsiao, T.Y. and Chuang, C.M., 2016. Creating shared value through implementing green practices for star hotels.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research,21(6), pp.678-696. Kontogeorgopoulos, N., 2016. Forays into the backstage: volunteer tourism and the pursuit of object authenticity. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, pp.1-21. Lin, C.F. and Fu, C.S., 2017. Advancing laddering and critical incident technique to reveal restaurant niches.The Service Industries Journal, pp.1-18. Lugosi, P., 2014. Mobilising identity and culture in experience co-creation and venue operation.Tourism Management,40, pp.165-179. Lugosi, P., 2014. Mobilising identity and culture in experience co-creation and venue operation.Tourism Management,40, pp.165-179. Papataxiarchis, E., 2016. Being there: At the front line of the European refugee crisis?part 1.Anthropology Today,32(2), pp.5-9. Radnor, Z., Osborne, S.P., Kinder, T. and Mutton, J., 2014. Operationalizing co-production in public services delivery: The contribution of service blueprinting.Public Management Review,16(3), pp.402-423. Regattahotel.com.au. (2017). Bar, Restaurant Function Venue in Brisbane | The Regatta Hotel. [online] Available at: https://www.regattahotel.com.au/ [Accessed 14 Aug. 2017]. Reynolds, P., Balan, P., Metcalfe, M. and Balan-Vnuk, E., 2014. Investigating innovative business models of general hotels in South Australia.CAUTHE 2014: Tourism and Hospitality in the Contemporary World: Trends, Changes and Complexity, p.1075. Yang, J., Ryan, C. and Zhang, L., 2016. Impersonation in ethnic tourismThe presentation of culture by other ethnic groups.Annals of Tourism Research,56, pp.16-31.

Authors vs. authors

Authors vs. authors Authors vs. authors? Hi. At Reedsy we live, sleep, and all but photosynthesise self-publishing news and discussion. Even if you were living under a rock, a massive rock, like a boulder, you wouldn’t have been able to avoid the suddenly very loudly proclaimed views of authors both traditionally published and self-published over the whole Amazon-Hachette blood war that’s been happening for over a month by now. So we had to say something. In fact, we said two things. Below you can find Ricardo’s take, and you can find Dave’s perspective over here.–Petition vs. petitionOne thought came to my mind when I read Barry Eisler’s article on last week’s two recent and infamous (in certain circles anyway) petitions: Have you guys forgotten that you’re all authors? Shouldn’t you all be on the same page?A little context for those totally unfamiliar with these things. You’re probably aware of the Amazon vs Hachette clash, right? But you probably don’t know why these two publishing giants are at each other’s throats (because, by the way, Barry is right: Hachette is part of the Lagardà ¨re group, which is also a giant). Well, don’t feel bad about it - it’s starting to seem like no one else is much more informed than you are.When trying to research what exactly Amazon and Hachette are fighting about about, it’s diff icult to get any details more specific than ‘pricing and distribution’ (who could have guessed, right?). Whatever’s going on, everyone is worried this could affect†¦ well, everyone (even self-published authors?†¦)On Wednesday Douglas Preston published an open letter to readers, asking them to email Jeff Bezos to tell him†¦ something. To be nicer to Hachette, maybe? Because when you don’t know what the problem is, it’s difficult to ask for solutions.Rather than emailing Amazon, Hugh Howey, Barry Eisler, and other self-published authors responded with with their own petition, including plenty of persuasive detail about everything Amazon has done for them (making self-publishing possible), and their bad experiences with traditional publishing. This makes Howey Bezos’s defender.Where does that leave us (meaning, still, readers)? Who should we be listening to? Speaking totally personally, I like what Howey said. More importantly, ev en there’s a lot of truth on both sides, I feel I can endorse Howey in a way I just can’t endorse Preston et al. Why? Because they speak with clarity. They say they side with Amazon and against Hachette, and say it plain and clear. Preston’s letter is eloquence without effect, reiterating a problem without resolving it: â€Å"we are not siding with anyone†. Come on†¦An author voice for the publishers?Well, I’m afraid we still don’t have an answer to this vital question. For now, it’s self-pub authors vs. â€Å"some trad† authors. And that’s bad enough. Were it to be truly trad. vs. pub, that would be worse.Until now, I’ve always seen mutual respect between self-publishing authors and mainstream ones. Hugh Howey’s battle was against publishers and bookshops, not against authors. As a reader, I don’t want that to change.

Youth Antisocial Behaviour Britain

Youth Antisocial Behaviour Britain The problem of the youth antisocial behaviour in the British society is discussed at several levels. Today definite Antisocial Behaviour Orders are developed by the government as one of the main measures in order to control and correct the facts of antisocial behaviours in community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Antisocial Behaviour: Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this practice is argued by the researchers, sociologists, and psychologists because of the complexity of the notion of antisocial behaviour and its connection with the adolescents’ behaviour (Burney 2009; Connell et al. 2011). That is why the major issues which are discussed in the literature on the topic of reducing youth antisocial behaviour with the help of legislative programmes are associated with the questions of the definition of the term, the problem of the programmes’ effectiveness , the possible success in the usage of the community-related programmes, and the role of the family in the process. The term ‘antisocial behaviour’ is rather broad and has different variants of its interpretation from the position of the governors, psychologists, and sociologists. There is also a number of associated notions. Thus, Burney states that it is necessary to distinct between the notions which can be discussed by the public as equal ones because they refer to the same field, but are connected with different problems. These terms are, for instance, ‘disorder’, ‘crime’, and ‘antisocial behaviour’. According to Burney, â€Å"‘disorder’ is a term applied collectively to communities; ‘anti-social behaviour’ is something done by individuals who are thereby singled out and blamed for the harm they inflict upon communities† (Burney 2009, p. 2). Following Burney’s considerations, it is possi ble to say that antisocial behaviour is predominantly connected with the specific behaviour of a person or a group of person which influences the character of their interactions with other representatives of the community negatively. Moreover, it is also important to pay attention to the fact that the term of ‘antisocial behaviour’ also involves the problem of the intrusive measures realized against individuals (Burney 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To define the term more clearly, it is significant to focus on the examples or patterns of realizing by the youth their antisocial behaviour in communities. Connell, Cook, Aklin, Vanderplong, and Brex developed the study in which they concentrated on the analysis of the most typical patterns of antisocial behaviour using the results of conducting the survey (latent class analysis) in a nonmetropolitan r egion of Britain (Connell et al. 2011). According to their survey, such types or patterns of the youth antisocial behaviour as damaging property, stealing, vandalism, and fighting were determined. Furthermore, the evidences stated that the fact of antisocial behaviour was in the most cases fixed by police (Connell et al. 2011). Having determined the most frequent patterns of antisocial behaviour typical for the youth in Britain, the researchers analysed the results of the survey and proposed the groups or classes of antisocial behaviours (ASBs) organised according to their severity. These classes are a non-ASB class, a mild ASB, a moderate ASB, and a serious ASB class (Connell et al. 2011). If Connell and the group of researchers’ classification is based on the level of severity of the definite antisocial behaviour (according to the determined patterns), the types of antisocial behaviour provided by Frick and White depend on such a characteristic as callous-unemotional (CU) t raits (Frick White 2008). Concentrating on this term, the researchers determine such influential traits as the absence of empathy presented by the adolescents in their personal interactions, the lack of guilt as the determiner of the level of their responsibility and tolerance (Frick White 2008). Therefore, callous-unemotional traits are important factors for forming the youth model of antisocial behaviour. The focus on the problem of antisocial behaviour in Britain resulted in the development of the practice of Antisocial Behaviour Orders (ASBOs) as the measure to realise the antisocial behaviour policy in the country. The project of ASBOs was presented in 1998. It was worked out as the measure to control and regulate the level of antisocial behaviours in society. Today this order is associated with the antisocial behaviour of adolescents who are inclined to realising different antisocial behaviour patterns. In his research, Donoghue discusses the problem of ASB and ASBO with ref erences to such terms as ‘reflexive modernity’ and ‘risk society’ (Donoghue 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Youth Antisocial Behaviour: Britain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point of view ASBOs are considered not only as the ways of the legislative control but also as the facts of the social control. Explaining the aspects of the notion of ‘risk society’, Donoghue states that ‘risk society’ provokes the occurrences of the youth antisocial behaviours (Donoghue 2008). That is why the effectiveness of realising ASBOs in the context of modern ‘risk societies’ depends on reformatting the main principles of providing ASBOs as the key controlling and regulating measures. However, there are many categories according to which it is necessary to analyse the aspects of ASBOs. In their research, Flint and Nixon concentrate on the concepts of ci tizenship, self-regulation, and responsibilities as the basic ones for determining the idea of a socially appropriate behaviour. The authors of the research focus on the discussion of ASBs from the point of Antisocial Behaviour Orders, Acceptable Behaviour Contracts, and tenancy agreements (Flint Nixon 2008). However, along with paying much attention to the government’s role in providing the legislative programmes for controlling the situation and reducing ASBs Flint and Nixon emphasise the role of communities in regulating the youth antisocial behaviour (Flint Nixon 2008). They also make accents on the fact that the effectiveness of the governmental measures and legislative programmes significantly depends on the range of the regulatory mechanisms used. In spite of the fact Flint and Nixon discuss the issue with focusing on the character of interactions and antisocial behaviour in definite residential areas, their conclusions can be used for the proper analysis of the situ ation with the occurrences of antisocial behaviour at individual and community levels (Flint Nixon 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, legislative programmes can become more effective, if they are implemented with referring to the development of the system of community control. Many researchers agree that the social effect of involving the community in the process of controlling and regulating the youth antisocial behaviour is higher than the effectiveness of such programmes as, for instance, ASBO (Burney 2009; Donoghue 2008; Flint Nixon 2008). Moreover, to regulate the issue of antisocial behaviour which is typical for adolescents in Britain, it is necessary to use all the opportunities to predict it (Flint Nixon 2008). That is why researchers accentuate the role of community and family in forming the individual vision of possible positive interactions in society which do not abuse the interests of the other people (Donoghue 2008). Psychologists state that antisocial behaviour of adolescents is in many cases a result of reflecting the situation at home, the character of relations between parents and the re lations of the individual with his or her parents (Burney 2009; Donoghue 2008). Analysing the role of the relations between parents and their children, Connell, Cook, Aklin, Vanderplong, and Brex states that positive relations in families which are based on the principles of mutual understanding between the members of the family can be considered as the protective factor or as a key aspect for predicting the further antisocial behaviour of adolescents. Moreover, this protective factor can be discussed as effective for different levels of antisocial behaviour (Connell et al. 2011). To understand the nature of the adolescents’ possible antisocial behaviour, Ensor, Marks, Jacobs, and Hughes concentrates on the examination of the aspects of the relations between the siblings in the family (Ensor et al. 2010). The fact of demonstrating aggression, anxiety, and hatred directed toward the other children in the family is typical for many families. Nevertheless, to state that such sit uation in the family can provoke the adolescents’ further antisocial behaviour, it is necessary to analyse all the aspects of the problem. The researchers determined three factors according to which they examined the siblings’ behaviour. These factors were the refusal to interact with each other, the frequency of the occurrences of bullying and harming each other (Ensor et al. 2010). The results of the research confirm the psychological visions of the nature of relations between siblings. Moreover, they can be discussed as significant for the development of the possible strategies of predicting the issues of antisocial behaviour in the future (Ensor et al. 2010). The role of the community and family is also significant with references to the factors which can stimulate children and adolescents’ antisocial behaviour. Paying much attention to CU traits, Frick and White focus on the connection between the realization of these traits in childhood and adolescence and the role of the community in regulating the development of CU traits which can lead to the formation of the antisocial and aggressive youth. Mahoney, Stattin, and Lord conducted the investigation on the base of the sample from Sweden. The researchers examined the peculiarities of the unstructured youth recreation centre participation and concluded that the participation in such centres also cannot be considered as the effective measures to regulate the adolescents’ behaviour and predict their further antisocial behaviour (Mahoney, Stattin, Lord 2004). Such conclusions are the result of the analysis of the adolescents’ relations between each other and between them and their peers in the centres. Thus, according to the research’s evidences, many peers can provoke, stimulate, and promote the adolescents’ antisocial behaviour (Mahoney, Stattin, Lord 2004). The controversial question of the effectiveness of legislative programmes as the measures to control the youth antisocial behaviour is also associated with the problem of predicting and regulating. In their research, Rutten, Biesta, Dekovic, Stams, Schuengel, and Verweel state that it is possible to use such methods as a forum theatre intervention in order to create the necessary positive atmosphere in the group of adolescents and avoid or correct the issues of antisocial behaviour (Rutten et al. 2010). Nevertheless, the findings of the research accentuated the fact that the changes in the antisocial behaviour of the youth are not significant in comparison with the other methods to correct the ASBs (Rutten et al. 2010). To provide the effective research of the problem of reducing youth antisocial behaviour through legislative programmes in Britain, it is important to concentrate on the methods used for conducting the investigation, collecting the necessary data and evidences, and analysing the findings. The issue of antisocial behaviour is closely connected with the aspects of psyc hology of children and adolescents. That is why it is effective to use the research methods which are generally utilised while conducting the psychological surveys and investigations (Breakwell 2006). Sekaran proposes a range of research methods which can be successfully used in providing the studies in the field of social sciences (Sekaran 2006). According to the criteria presented in the book by Sekaran, the research on the topic of reducing youth antisocial behaviour in Britain should be realised with the help of combination of such methods as the elements of the quantitative research and the aspects of the descriptive study (Sekaran 2006). The priorities of the programmes developed to solve the problem of antisocial behaviour in the British society are generally changed according to the main principles provided by this or that prime-minister. According to the findings presented in the researched literature, the existing policies should be reformed with references to the new soci al demands and requirements because of the fact that community control and definite measures provided at the community level can work more effectively in comparison with the effectiveness of the legislative programmes. There were several stages in discussing the effectiveness of ASBOs which reflected the public and governmental vision of the issue. Thus, the whole campaign has faced a lot of criticism from different sides. It is possible to say that the majority of the British society agrees that the Antisocial Behavior Orders are not really successful in stopping the development of antisocial behavior in Britain (Squires Stephen 2005). Reference List Breakwell, GM 2006, Research methods in psychology. Sage Publications Ltd, London. Burney, E 2009, Making people behave: anti-social behaviour, politics and policy, Willan Publishing, Cullompton, UK. Connell, CM, Cook, EC, Aklin, WM, Vanderplong, JJ, Brex, RA 2011, â€Å"Risk and protective factors associated with patterns of antiso cial behaviour among nonmetropolitan adolescents†. Aggressive Behaviour, vol. 37 no. 1, pp. 98-106. Donoghue, J 2008, â€Å"Antisocial Behaviour Orders (ASBO’s) in Britain: contextualizing risk and reflexive modernization†. Sociology, vol. 42 no. 2, pp. 337-355. Ensor, R, Marks, A, Jacobs, L, Hughes, C 2010, â€Å"Trajectories of antisocial behaviour towards siblings predict antisocial behaviour towards peers†. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, vol. 51 no. 11, pp. 1208-1216. Flint, J Nixon, J 2006, â€Å"Governing neighbours: Anti-Social Behaviour Orders and new forms of regulating conduct in the UK†. Urban Studies, vol. 43 no. 5-6, pp. 939-955. Frick, PJ White, SF 2008, â€Å"Research review: the importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behaviour†. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, vol. 49 no. 4, pp. 359-375. Mahoney, J, Stattin, H, Lord, H 2004, â€Å"Unstructured yout h recreation centre participation and antisocial behaviour development: selection influences and the moderating role of antisocial peers†. International Journal of Behavioural Development, vol. 28 no. 6, pp. 553-560. Rutten, EA, Biesta, GJJ, Dekovic, M, Stams, GJJM, Schuengel, C, Verweel, P 2010, â€Å"Using forum theatre in organized youth soccer to positively influence antisocial and prosocial behaviour: a pilot study†. Journal of Moral Education, vol. 39 no. 1, pp. 65-78. Sekaran, U 2006, Research methods for business: a skill building approach. Wiley-India, Mumbai. Squires, P Stephen, DE 2005, Rougher justice: anti-social behaviour and young people, Willan Publishing, Cullompton.

Small assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Small assignment - Essay Example At the end of the ongoing renovation and expansion process, which will be over within a week, I assure you we will have better services. We have tried our level best not to cause many inconveniences to you and decided that we can finish the installation of new equipment within 24 hours. I hope all the valued customers of ONELAB will understand the necessity of this closure and expect and request your cooperation. If you have any queries, please feel free to contact us either by mail or through phone As part of our expansion and renovation plans, we are all set to install some of the most modern equipment which is needed to increase our service capabilities. These machineries are quite new in the market and we believe that you need some training on this equipment before the reopening of the lab after the 24-hour closure, which will begin from tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. onwards. The training session on this equipment will be conducted tomorrow in order to avoid any time delay to the customers and I ask all our employees to report for training tomorrow at 6 a.m. even though the lab will remain closed for customers. As part of our expansion and renovation processes, we are all set to install some of the most modern equipment which is needed to increase our service capabilities. As a result we are forced to implement a 24-hour close down of our lab from 6 am tomorrow (10/9/09) to 6 am the day after tomorrow (11/9/09) and no deliveries or receipts will be executed during this period. I expect a big increase in the volume of our business after the renovation and expansion process which will definitely be beneficial to you as well. I request your cooperation and valued services in the future also. As part of our expansion and renovation plans, we are all set to install some of the most modern equipments which needed to increase our service

Principles of Marketing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Principles of Marketing - Article Example The difference in these two articles is that one does customers knowing and relations online and using technology while the explanation in the book utilizes both the traditional method and technological one (Kotler & Armstrong, 2015). In the article by (Wong, 2015), there is in depth analysis of advertisements growth and where it is headed in the future which is similar to what the article by (Kotler & Armstrong, 2015) explains which is all towards making customer satisfied by pinpointing their exact needs and wants. Both articles in short explain the need of advertisement as a marketing tool for a company’s products and services and using platform and ways that can reach most people at the same time. The creativity of the advertisements is what will bring customers’ interests in the products and what will eventually profit the company. When the advertisement addresses the right demands, needs and wants of the customers, they are bound to become loyal to the product and the brand in extension (Wong, 2015). Davenport, T., Mule, L. & Lucker, J. (2011, December). Know What Your Customers Want Before They Do. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2011/12/know-what-your-customers-want-before-they-do Wong, B. (2015, April 26). The Future of Advertising: Farewell, Mass Marketing. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from

Finding number PI Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finding number PI - Research Paper Example In modern times, however, with the advent of computers, the emphasis has shifted to the speed at which the value of Pi can be determined together with increasing the number of decimal places. This paper traces the history of Pi and the efforts made by mathematicians and astronomers to get closer and closer to the â€Å"precise† value of Ï€, and then discusses two methods for determining the value of Pi – one ancient method and one modern method. The very first attempts to determine the value of Ï€ date back to around 2000 B.C., when the Babylonians and Egyptians approached the problem in their own ways. While the Babylonians obtained the value of 3+1/8, the Egyptians obtained the value as (4/3) ^4 for Ï€. About the same time, Indians used the value of square root of 10 for Pi. All these values were based, essentially, on measurement of circumferences and diameters of circles of different sizes (Beckmann, 12-15 and 98-106). The first major step towards determining the value of Pi is attributed to the great Greek mathematician and physicist, Archimedes around 250 B.C. The ancient Greeks, with their penchant for precision, were interested in precise mathematical proportions in their architecture, music and other art forms, and hence were curious about better precision in determining the value of Pi. Thus Archimedes developed a method using inscribed and circumscribed polygons for calculating better and better approximati ons to the value of Ï€ and came to the conclusion: Subsequently, around 150 A.D., the Egyptian mathematician Ptolemy (of Alexandria) gave the value of 377/120, and around 500 A.D., the Chinese Tsu-Ch’ung-Chi gave Pi the value of 355/113. Many others like Ptolemy and Tsu-Ch’ung-Chi continued to use Archimedes’s method to calculate the vale of Pi to better approximations. Ludolph von Ceulen used this method with a 2^62-sided polygon to calculate Pi to 35 decimal

MicroRNA-21 Concentrations in Breast Cancer

MicroRNA-21 Concentrations in Breast Cancer Direct Serum Assay for MicroRNA-21 Concentrations in Early and Advanced Breast Cancer Abstract Background Small noncoding RNA molecules known as microRNAs (miRs) are involved in the regulation of gene expression. The hypothesis was based on the biomarker, miR-21 present in the serum, which related to the presence and stage of breast cancer. The direct application of reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) in a direct serum assay has been used for the quantification and detection of the miR-21 in breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 102 breast cancer patients with varying stages of breast cancer and 20 healthy female patients were tested by the RT-qPCR applied directly in serum assay for miR-21. Results Detection for RT-qPCR-DS was limited to 0.625 µl of serum. miR-21 levels detected in the healthy donors were comparatively lower with respect to breast cancer patients with different stage of the disease. A significantly higher levels of miR-21 was detected in patients with stage IV breast cancer compared to patients with other stages of the disease. The odds ratio was 1.796 and area under the curve was 0.721 for the distinction of loco regional breast cancers and healthy donors. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a correlation of miR-21 concentrations and stage of breast cancer existed. Conclusion- The novel RT-qPCR-DS serves as a better technique in detecting circulating miR. miR-21 proves to be a significant biomarker for breast cancer, which could also probably detect the progression of the disease. Further research could lead to improved breast cancer care by this serum biomarker as a key tool. EVALUATION Traditional methods Mammography (also known as film mammography) is a traditional method for screening breast cancer (Boyd et al., 2007). Its principle lies in the use of low-dose x-rays. Soft tissue such as fat is radiographically lucent, which appears dark on a mammogram. In contrast, stroma and epithelial tissue are radiographically dense, which is termed mammographic density, appearing light on a mammogram (Boyd et al., 2007). It has been established that the more immense the density, the more association it had with regard to the greater risk of breast cancer. A dense tissue present in 75% or more of the breast poses a risk of breast cancer (Boyd et al., 2007).   A limitation of this method revolves around the fact that expansive mammographic density may be difficult to detect by mammography, thereby indicating a false negative (Boyd et al., 2007). Cancers may be masked by surrounding dense breast tissue, limiting the sensitivity of the screening (Boyd et al., 2007), thereby increasing the risk o f breast cancer (Pisano et al., 2005). High false positive results and costs are drawbacks of mammography (Asaga et al., 2010).   An alternative breast cancer screening technique is the MRI, which is sensitive, but its limitations include the lack of cost-effectiveness and specificity (Esserman et al., 2007). Digital mammography, an upgrade to film mammography allowed the manipulation of the degree of contrast on digital images. This allowed the differentiation of dense breast tissues from malignant cells (Pisano et al., 2005). Women under 50 years of age, with dense breast tissue or those who are pre-menopausal or peri-menopausal were mostly detected by digital mammography (Pisano et al., 2005). In comparison to the film mammography method, digital mammography has an increased cost (1.5-4 times more), but is quicker at developing the image (Pisano et al., 2005). BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour markers used to identify individuals who are at risk of developing breast cancer via inheritance (Duffy, 2001). Only 5-10% cases of breast cancers are hereditary. 80-85% risk of developing breast cancer was reported in individuals carrying either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene (Duffy, 2001). Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a gene product of the MUC1 gene. Overexpression of MUC1 gene in malignant breast tumours allows CA 15-3 to be used as a tumour marker for breast cancer (Kabel, 2017). False positive results were reported in benign breast and benign liver diseases (Kabel, 2017). The serum concentration of patients with elevated levels of CA 15-3 became more detectable as the size of tumour and severity of the disease increased. Therefore, this is suitable as a prognostic and pharmacokinetic biomarker (Kabel, 2017). The lack of sensitivity for women with early disease have been a main limitation of CA 15-3 biomarker (Duffy et al., 2010). Rising levels of another extensively used biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) indicated poor treatment or the risk of recurrence following treatment (Kabel, 2017). The lack of disease sensitivity and specificity prevents the use of CEA as predictive biomarker (Kabel, 2017). Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) serve as pharmacokinetic biomarkers (Kabel, 2017). Relevance to current article Elevated levels of miR-21 was observed in breast cancer patients (N = 102) compared to healthy females (N = 20) in the study done by Asaga et al., (2010). Detection of circulating miR by RT-qPCR-DS was robust and effective (Asaga et al., 2010). The differentiation of patients with stage I, stage II or stage III from patients with stage IV breast cancer was possible with the direct assay, but not by the standard RT-qPCR (Asaga et al., 2010). The assay had a sensitivity and specificity of 67% and 75% respectively in distinguishing loco regional breast cancer patients from healthy patients. The specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing patients with stage IV breast cancer from the earlier stages was 86% and 70% respectively (Asaga et al., 2010). The use of the novel RT-qPCR in direct serum assay reduced mechanical and human errors and minimized the time and overall cost (Asaga et al., 2010). CA 15-3 and CEA are low in sensitivity and specificity, therefore cannot be used as a diagnostic marker (Ng et al., 2013). Comparatively, miR-21 shows a better specificity and sensitivity (Asaga et al., 2010). Current methods 3D mammography is an evolution of the mammography technology (Houssami et al., 2017). 3D mammography improves cancer visibility by reducing the images of overlapping breast tissue, leading to the visualization of benign and malignant breast lesions which would have been masked in traditional mammography (Houssami et al., 2016). It may also decrease the false positive recall. Cost and time-taken to read a 3D mammography are limitations of this method (Houssami et al., 2017). A study by Ng et al., (2013) detected elevation in miR-451, miR-16 and miR-21, while a reduction in miR-145 was observed in the plasma of breast cancer patients. The combination of miR-451 and miR-145 served as the best biomarkers for breast cancer with an optimal specificity of 92% and optimal sensitivity of 90% in distinguishing breast cancer patients from control subjects of other types of cancers (gastric cancer, lung cancer) recruited in the study (Ng et al., 2013). This study by Ng et al., (2013) recognized a combination of miRNAs specific to breast cancer and not the other cancers. Drawbacks include the lack of information regarding whether these miRNAs can be used to distinguish between the subtypes of breast cancer and between sporadic and familial forms (Ng et al., 2013). The study done by Asaga et al., (2010) only focused on miR-21 as a predictive marker in breast cancer, but miR-21 has been implicated in other types of cancer too. Comparatively the study done by Ng et al. , (2013) has identified biomarkers specific to breast cancer. In conclusion, the use of miR-21 as a biomarker in breast cancer presented a correlation of circulating miR-21 with the stage of breast cancer. More research is required to establish miR-21 as an important biomarker in breast cancer (Asaga et al., 2010). A combined expression analysis of miR-21 and miR-191 increased the specificity to 100% and sensitivity to 92% (Chen and Wang, 2013). The study done by Chen and Wang (2013) proved that a combination of miRNAs were better as a predictive biomarker for breast cancer. WORD COUNT ABSTRACT 243 EVALUATION 1039 REFERENCES Asaga, S., Kuo, C., Nguyen, T., Terpenning, M., Giuliano, A. and Hoon, D. (2010). Direct Serum Assay for MicroRNA-21 Concentrations in Early and Advanced Breast Cancer. Clinical Chemistry, 57(1), pp.84-91.Boyd, N., Guo, H., Martin, L., Sun, L., Stone, J., Fishell, E., Jong, R., Hislop, G., Chiarelli, A., Minkin, S. and Yaffe, M. (2007). Mammographic Density and the Risk and Detection of Breast Cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 356(3), pp.227-236. Chen, J. and Wang, X. (2013). MicroRNA-21 in breast cancer: diagnostic and prognostic potential. Clinical and Translational Oncology, 16(3), pp.225-233. Duffy, M. (2001). Biochemical markers in breast cancer: which ones are clinically useful?. Clinical Biochemistry, 34(5), pp.347-352. Duffy, M., Evoy, D. and McDermott, E. (2010). CA 15-3: Uses and limitation as a biomarker for breast cancer. Clinica Chimica Acta, 411(23-24), pp.1869-1874. Esserman, L., Shieh, Y., Park, J. and Ozanne, E. (2007). A role for biomarkers in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer in younger women. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 7(5), pp.533-544. Houssami, N., Là ¥ng, K., Bernardi, D., Tagliafico, A., Zackrisson, S. and Skaane, P. (2016). Digital breast tomosynthesis (3D-mammography) screening: A pictorial review of screen-detected cancers and false recalls attributed to tomosynthesis in prospective screening trials. The Breast, 26, pp.119-134. Houssami, N., Bernardi, D., Pellegrini, M., Valentini, M., Fantà ², C., Ostillio, L., Tuttobene, P., Luparia, A. and Macaskill, P. (2017). Breast cancer detection using single-reading of breast tomosynthesis (3D-mammography) compared to double-reading of 2D-mammography: Evidence from a population-based trial. Cancer Epidemiology, 47, pp.94-99. Kabel, A. (2017). Tumor markers of breast cancer: New prospectives. Journal of Oncological Sciences. Ng, E., Li, R., Shin, V., Jin, H., Leung, C., Ma, E., Pang, R., Chua, D., Chu, K., Law, W., Law, S., Poon, R. and Kwong, A. (2013). Circulating microRNAs as Specific Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Detection. PLoS ONE, 8(1), p.e53141. Pisano, E., Gatsonis, C., Hendrick, E., Yaffe, M., Baum, J., Acharyya, S., Conant, E., Fajardo, L., Bassett, L., DOrsi, C., Jong, R. and Rebner, M. (2005). Diagnostic Performance of Digital versus Film Mammography for Breast-Cancer Screening. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(17), pp.1773-1783.

Analysis of Virtual Reality Essay -- Virtual Reality Technology Comput

Analysis of Virtual Reality The term Virtual Reality (VR) is used by many different people with many meanings. There are some people to whom VR is a specific collection of technologies, that is a Head Mounted Display, Glove Input Device and Audio. Some other people stretch the term to include conventional books, movies or pure fantasy and imagination. However, for purposes of this research, we restrict VR to computer mediated systems. We would define Virtual Reality as a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with computers and extremely complex data. The visualization part refers to the computer generating visual, auditory or other sensual outputs to the user of a world within the computer. This world may be a CAD model, a scientific simulation, or a view into a database. The user can interact with the world and directly manipulate objects within the world. Some worlds are animated by other processes, perhaps physical simulations, or simple animation scripts. Interaction with the virtual world, at least with near real time control of the viewpoint, is a critical test for a 'virtual reality'. Some people object to the term "Virtual Reality", saying it is an oxymoron. Other terms that have been used are Synthetic Environments, Cyberspace, Artificial Reality, Simulator Technology, etc. VR is the most common and sexiest. It has caught the attention of the media. Types of VR Systems A major distinction of VR systems is the mode with which they interface to the user. We would describe some of the common modes used in VR systems. Window on World Systems (WoW) Some systems use a conventional computer monitor to display the visual world. This sometimes called Desktop VR or a Window on a World (WoW). This concept traces its lineage back through the entire history of computer graphics. In 1965, Ivan Sutherland laid out a research program for computer graphics in a paper called "The Ultimate Display" that has driven the field for the past nearly thirty years. "One must look at a display screen," he said, "as a window through which one beholds a virtual world. The challenge to computer graphics is to make the picture in the window look real, sound real and the objects act real." Video Mapping A variation of the WoW approach merges a video input of the user's silhouette with a 2D-computer graphic. The user watches a monitor that... ...irplane that the inspector can navigate through via voice commands to mark a region of the airplane that is in need of service. Once identified, the application tags the area for transmission to the maintenance database and initiates the proper form for the inspector to fill out. The form is completed and then transmitted to the same maintenance database. When the inspector has identified all of the problems with a particular region, voice navigation is used to continue to other areas of the aircraft. The inspector is not required to take any information about the aircraft, previous defect records, clipboards, paper, etc. with them, everything required to perform the inspection is on-line and displayed in a manageable fashion in real time during the inspection. When the inspector completes the inspection, no further input is required. The inspector is not required to take notes and then pass them off to someone else to decipher and input to the system. The information is already in the maintenance database and ready for verification, planning, and scheduling. The timesaving realized from start to finish of that inspection is 30-50% depending on the inspector and the aircraft. Analysis of Virtual Reality Essay -- Virtual Reality Technology Comput Analysis of Virtual Reality The term Virtual Reality (VR) is used by many different people with many meanings. There are some people to whom VR is a specific collection of technologies, that is a Head Mounted Display, Glove Input Device and Audio. Some other people stretch the term to include conventional books, movies or pure fantasy and imagination. However, for purposes of this research, we restrict VR to computer mediated systems. We would define Virtual Reality as a way for humans to visualize, manipulate and interact with computers and extremely complex data. The visualization part refers to the computer generating visual, auditory or other sensual outputs to the user of a world within the computer. This world may be a CAD model, a scientific simulation, or a view into a database. The user can interact with the world and directly manipulate objects within the world. Some worlds are animated by other processes, perhaps physical simulations, or simple animation scripts. Interaction with the virtual world, at least with near real time control of the viewpoint, is a critical test for a 'virtual reality'. Some people object to the term "Virtual Reality", saying it is an oxymoron. Other terms that have been used are Synthetic Environments, Cyberspace, Artificial Reality, Simulator Technology, etc. VR is the most common and sexiest. It has caught the attention of the media. Types of VR Systems A major distinction of VR systems is the mode with which they interface to the user. We would describe some of the common modes used in VR systems. Window on World Systems (WoW) Some systems use a conventional computer monitor to display the visual world. This sometimes called Desktop VR or a Window on a World (WoW). This concept traces its lineage back through the entire history of computer graphics. In 1965, Ivan Sutherland laid out a research program for computer graphics in a paper called "The Ultimate Display" that has driven the field for the past nearly thirty years. "One must look at a display screen," he said, "as a window through which one beholds a virtual world. The challenge to computer graphics is to make the picture in the window look real, sound real and the objects act real." Video Mapping A variation of the WoW approach merges a video input of the user's silhouette with a 2D-computer graphic. The user watches a monitor that... ...irplane that the inspector can navigate through via voice commands to mark a region of the airplane that is in need of service. Once identified, the application tags the area for transmission to the maintenance database and initiates the proper form for the inspector to fill out. The form is completed and then transmitted to the same maintenance database. When the inspector has identified all of the problems with a particular region, voice navigation is used to continue to other areas of the aircraft. The inspector is not required to take any information about the aircraft, previous defect records, clipboards, paper, etc. with them, everything required to perform the inspection is on-line and displayed in a manageable fashion in real time during the inspection. When the inspector completes the inspection, no further input is required. The inspector is not required to take notes and then pass them off to someone else to decipher and input to the system. The information is already in the maintenance database and ready for verification, planning, and scheduling. The timesaving realized from start to finish of that inspection is 30-50% depending on the inspector and the aircraft.